Intermedia: Intermedia tinctoria (pigmenta) pars maximi momenti est industriae chemicae subtilis. Progressus intermediorum adiuvantium. Productio Sinarum intermediorum ad tincturam et pigmenta magnopere evoluta est ab annis 1950. Per annos proximos, productio intermediorum tincturae et pigmenti magis ac magis vehemens facta est, et innovationes in technologia productionis factae sunt. In multis campis, ut in investigatione, novis usibus varietatum veterum, et tutela environmentalis, progressus novos fecimus, et processum purum ad productionem intermediorum tincturae et pigmenti adhibuimus.

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Progressus usus intermediorum

Re vera, usus intermediorum est progressus multiplex, genus quoddam intermediorum in tincturis adhibetur, intermedia tinctoria appellatur, et in pesticidis, pharmacis, et cetera adhibetur. Etiam pesticida, intermedia pharmaceutica appellatur. Consideranda est pars industriae chemicae subtilis in toto, non debet rigide dividi in intermedia tinctoria, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pesticida, intermedia pharmaceutica, quae ambitum usuum quorundam intermediorum minuent et progressum eorum afficiant.

Investigatio intermediorum chemiae subtilis varietate ampla insignitur; exceptis paucis generibus, scala productionis praecipue ingens est. Pleraque genera ponderis non admodum magna sunt, sed processus praeparationis saepe complexior est, multas reactiones unitarias et separationes implicans, et productio quantitatum considerabilium. "Triae sordes" rite tractandae sunt. Ergo, investigationem processuum productorum serialium et ordinationem rationalem intermediorum suscipere debemus, ut efficientiam productionis scalaris bonam obtineamus.

Ex condicionibus externis, investigatio et productio intermediorum plerumque rite concentrantur ut productio serialis efficiatur. Si paucae ad duodecim genera intermediorum adhibentur, talis investigatio et productio facilius per evolutionem generalem et adoptionem novarum technologiarum efficiuntur. Dimidio labore duplum exitum obtinebimus. Ad condicionem Iaponiae referre possumus, ubi productio intermediorum olim valde dispersa erat, incipiens ab annis 1960. Septies accommodata et concentrata est.

Per transformationem et progressionem, industria Sinarum intermediorum tincturarum et pigmentorum ad altiorem gradum pervenit quoad magnitudinem productionis, technologiam et apparatum, quae non solum necessitatibus progressionis industriae tincturarum et pigmentorum domesticae occurrere potest, sed etiam intermediorum qualitatis maioris nationibus externis praebere.

Materiae primae ad synthesizandum intermedia necessariae praecipue ex productis petrolei et industriae chemicae coquendi obtinentur, quorum pleraeque sunt benzenum, naphthalenum, naphthalenum, et naphthalenum. Recentibus annis, pigmenta organica ex intermediis heterocyclicis parata in augmentum venerunt. Praeterea, phenanthrenum, pyridinum, oxygenium fluorenum, quinolinum, indolum, carbazolum, composita seriei biphenyli, hae materiae primae complexae ad fabricationem tincturarum adhibentur. Usus materiarum primarum syntheticarum magis late diffusus et communis fiet.

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Reactiones chemicae frequentissimae ad intermedia adhibitae

Reactiones chemicae frequentissimae ad materias primas in intermedia pro industria tinctoria (pigmenta) convertendas adhibitae sunt hae.

(1) Reactio sulfonationis
(2) Reactiones nitrificationis
(3) Reactiones halogenationis
(4) Reactio reductionis ad aminoparandum
(5) Reactiones diazotizationis (saepe reactionibus copulationis comitatae)
(6) Substitutio gregum acidi sulfonici in greges hydroxylicos per reactiones liquefactionis alcalinae
(7) Reactiones acetylationis
(8) Reactiones oxidationis
(9) Reactiones condensationis et carbonatationis
(10) Reactiones aromatizationis (praesertim amino)
(11) Reactiones permutabiles gregum hydroxylorum et aminorum
(12) Hydroxylatio gregum hydroxylorum vel aminorum

Secundum structuram anulorum aromaticorum intermediorum chemicorum subtilium, in aliphatica, benzena, naphthalena, anthraquinona, heterocyclica et densa classificari possunt. Systema anulorum. Patria nostra plus quam 400 varietates benzeni, naphthaleni, anthraquinonorum, heterocyclicorum aliorumque intermediorum tincturae et pigmenti producere potest, quae essentialiter necessitatibus progressionis industriae tincturae et pigmenti satisfacere possunt.

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Varietates maiores systematis benzeni

2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzenum, o-nitrochlorobenzenum, p-nitrochlorobenzenum, p-nitrophenolum, N,N-dimethylanilinum, p-amino, anisolum, p-nitroanilinum, o-toluidinum, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroanilinum, N-ethylanilinum, m-hydroxydiethylanilinum, 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoanilinum, o-,p-phenylenediaminum, 3,3-dichlorobenzidinum, benzidinum, anisylaminum, p-aminum, acidum benzenesulfonicum, o-anisolum, p-aminoanisolum, acidum DSD, p-aminophenetolum, acidum CTL, o-cyano-p-nitroanilinum, acetoacetylacetamidum, o-Methoxyanilinum, hydroquinonum, resorcinolum, N-methyl-m-toluidinum, N-ethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum. N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidinum, Toluidinum N,N-diethyl-m-toluidinum, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidinum, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidinum, N-ethyl-toluidinum, Methyl cyanoethyl-m-toluidinum, N-ethyl cyanoethyl-m-toluidinum, N-methylphenyl-m-toluidinum, p-,ethoxyanilinum, 2-4-dimethylanilinum, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamidum, 4-methoxy-3-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 4-methyl-aminobenzamidum, 2,4,5-Trichloroanilinum, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N,N-diethylbenzenesulfonamidum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, 2,4,5-trichloroanilinum, inter, para ester, etc.

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Varietates principales intermediorum naphthaleni

2-naphtholum, acidum H, acidum K, acidum 2,3, acidum 2,6, acidum thujaplicum, oxygena acidi 6-nitro-1,2,4. Acidum J, periacidum, acidum gamma, sal G, sal R, acidum amino K, acidum 2-naphthylamin-1,5-disulfonicum, acidum 1-naphtholum-5-sulfonicum, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalenum, acidum 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylicum, acidum 2R, et cetera. Intermedia anthrachinoni includunt: anthrachinonum, 1-aminoanthrachinonum, 1,4-diaminoanthrachinonum, 1,5-dimethyl-bromophosphatum, 1,5-dimethyl-anthrachinonum, acidum 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylicum, acidum 2R, etc. Anthrachinonum, 1,5-diaminoanthrachinonum, 1-amino-5-benzoylanthrachinonum, 1,5-dihydroxyanthrachinonum, 1,8-hydroxyanthrachinonum, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diaminoanthrachinonum, etc.

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Species maiores heterocyclicae et dense cyclicae

Chloridum cyanuricum, acidum barbituricum, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazolum, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazolum, 2-aminobenzothiazolum, aminothiazolum, acidum dehydrothiobenzidinum bisulfonicum, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum, Formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridonum, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthaleni anhydridum, naphthaleni tetracarboxylici anhydridum, !tetracarboxylici anhydridum, etc.